Monday, February 3, 2020

classical mechanics - Moment of a force about a given axis (Torque) - Scalar or vectorial?


I am studying Statics and saw that:


The moment of a force about a given axis (or Torque) is defined by the equation:



MX=(r×F)x    (or  τx=(r×F)x )


But in my Physics class I saw:


M=r×F    (or  τ=r×F )


In the first formula, the torque is a triple product vector, that is, a scalar quantity. But in the second, it is a vector. So, torque (or moment of a force) is a scalar or a vector?



Answer



It is obviously a vector, as you can see in the 2nd formula.


What you are doing in the first one is getting the x-component of that vector. Rememebr that the scalar product is the projection of one vector over the other one's direction. Actually you should write ˆx or i or ˆi to denote that it is a unit vector. That's because a unit vector satisfies


vˆu=|v||1|cos(α)=vcos(α)


and so it is the projection of the vector itself.


In conclusion, the moment is a vector, and the first formula is only catching one of its components, as noted by the subindex.



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classical mechanics - Moment of a force about a given axis (Torque) - Scalar or vectorial?

I am studying Statics and saw that: The moment of a force about a given axis (or Torque) is defined by the equation: $M_X = (\vec r \times \...