quantum field theory - What's a particle anyway?

I always thought that a particle is an eigenvector of $P^2=H^2-\boldsymbol P^2$ with an isolated eigenvalue. In other words, a necessary condition for $\varphi$ to be a particle is that

$$P^2|\varphi\rangle=m^2|\varphi\rangle\tag{1}$$ and $$\mathrm dE(\mu^2)=\delta (\mu^2-m^2)\mathrm d\mu^2+\mathrm d\sigma(\mu^2)\tag{2}$$

My problem is that the answer Particle/Pole correspondence in QFT Green's functions seems to suggest that a particle is an isolated eigenvalue of $H$, not $P^2$. An isolated eigenvalue of $H$ cannot be an isolated eigenvalue of $P^2$, because

$$E(\boldsymbol p)^2=\boldsymbol p^2+m^2\tag{3}$$ is continuously connected to $E(0)^2=m^2$.

Therefore, I can frame my question as follows: in order for $\varphi$ to be a particle, should it be an isolated eigenvalue of $P^2$, or $H$? or neither?