Monday, April 29, 2019

newtonian mechanics - Conservation of spin angular momentum in a close binary system


Consider a simple model of a close stellar binary, of mass m1 and m2<m1, moving on circular orbits around the system's barycenter (no eccentricity, to simplify things). Both star's rotation is permanently tidal locked. The total angular momentum relative to the barycenter is conserved : L=L1+L2+S1+S2=constant,

where Si is the spin of a star (i.e. its angular momentum around its own center of mass). These vectors are all aligned. Using Newton's theory of gravitation, we can prove that Lorbital=||L1+L2||=m1m2m1+m2G(m1+m2)a,
where a=r1+r2 is the distance between both stars. Lets write Mm1+m2 to simplify. Also, since the stars are tidal locked ; ω1=ω2=ωorbitalω : Stot=||S1+S2||=(I1+I2)ω,
where Ii is the inertia moment of a star around its center. If the stars are approximately spherical, then Ii=αimiR2i, where αi25 (or any number smaller than 1). The orbital angular velocity is ω=GMa3.


Now, suppose that the stars are allowed to exchange some matter: m1, m2, a, ω, I1 and I2 are now functions of time (M is conserved, though).


If the whole system is isolated, the total angular momentum (1) is conserved.




How can we justify that both Lorbital and Stot are separately conserved (maybe approximately) ?





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