I suppose, that a polarizing filter works as described here:
The polarizing filter absorbs or reflects some of the photons in the light beam, which is why the energy/power measured after the polarizer is reduced.
Furthermore any filter works only for some range of the EM spectrum, outside this range the filter is not transparent, e.g. no light is going through.
In my understanding between these to states has to be a range of wavelengths, where the transmission for unpolarized light has to be between zero and less than 50%. Rotating such a filter, for a polarized light beam the intensity behind the filter has to be not a sine function. For example, the absolute impermeability of the filter will not only be at 90° and 270°, but from 70° to 110° and from 250° to 290°. Has this situation been observed?
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