Sunday, April 17, 2016

solar system - Why is Voyager 1 approaching Earth?



When I read JPL's mission status for Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 the distance between Earth and Voyager 1 is decreasing.


Is it right?



Answer




Voyager 1 is headed away from the Sun at around 17 km per second at an angle to the ecliptic of around 35º.


The orbital velocity of the Earth is 29.8 km per second, and multiplying by cos35º to get the component of the velocity in Voyager's direction gives a shade over 24 km per second.


So at the point in its orbit where Earth is moving closest to the direction of Voyager's travel we are actually catching up with it at around 2417=7 km per second. Conversely at the point in Earth's orbit where it is moving opposite to Voyager it is moving away from us at 24+17=41 km per second.


Voyager relative speed


(not to scale!)


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