Saturday, April 6, 2019

cosmology - Dumbed-down explanation how scientists know the number of atoms in the universe?


It is often quoted that the number of atoms in the universe is 10$^{70}$ or 10$^{80}$.


How do scientists determine this number?


And how accurate is it (how strong is the supporting evidences for it)?


Is it more likely (logically >50% chance) that the numbers are right, or is it more likely that the numbers are wrong?





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classical mechanics - Moment of a force about a given axis (Torque) - Scalar or vectorial?

I am studying Statics and saw that: The moment of a force about a given axis (or Torque) is defined by the equation: $M_X = (\vec r \times \...