Sunday, April 8, 2018

electromagnetism - Explanation of $sin(theta) > 1$ for total internal reflection


Reading about total internal reflection, and I understand that it occurs when the sine of the refracted angle is greater than 1. What I don't see is how you ever have a $\sin \theta > 1$. Jackson says




This means that $\theta$ is a complex angle with a purely imaginary cosine...



how does this help explain it? What, for that matter, is the physical explanation for a complex angle?




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classical mechanics - Moment of a force about a given axis (Torque) - Scalar or vectorial?

I am studying Statics and saw that: The moment of a force about a given axis (or Torque) is defined by the equation: $M_X = (\vec r \times \...