Friday, March 8, 2019

experimental physics - Are there published predictions that hydrogen could remain metallic at ambient pressure?


Below the question For the recently reported production (January 2017) of metallic hydrogen in the laboratory - what is the evidence exactly? there is a comment that directed me to the BBC News summary Claim made for hydrogen 'wonder material'.


In their attempt to balance the skepticism of this particular reported observation with the potential implications of producing metallic hydrogen in a laboratory, the BBC included some far-reaching possibilities:



If that is true - and it is a controversial claim - it fulfills a more than 80-year quest to produce what many have said would be a wonder material.


Theory suggests metallic hydrogen could be used to make zero-resistance electrical wiring and super-powerful rocket fuel, among many applications.



At the end of the article:



"The scepticism here is probably a good thing, in that it will drive many groups towards attempting to reproduce this experiment. This publication will certainly incite the field. Again, if it holds up, this is an exciting result. I think in this case time will tell," he told BBC News.




...referring to Marcus Knudson from Sandia National Laboratories.



And Jeffrey McMahon from Washington State University concurred: "With respect to the tiny sample amount: Such experiments are performed in small diamond anvil cells. One challenge would be to make a larger quantity (at once); another, perhaps bigger challenge is to recover even the small sample (ie, remove it from the extreme pressures that it is under in the diamond anvil cell).


"Whether the latter is possible is an important open question."



Question: Are there published, peer-reviewed predictions that hydrogen could remain metallic at ambient pressure? A link or reference would be appreciated. If it's still in pre-print form (AeXiv) that's OK too.


If it's possible, a little help understanding the prediction would be great as well:


I know there are many predicted crystalline forms of water ice at elevated pressures and/or reduced temperatures, and many or most of these have been observed, but I think most of them revert once pressure is reduced to ambient. Also the Tin pest comes to mind. If there is such a prediction of the possibility of hydrogen remaining metallic at ambient, is there an analogous example of this with a material I'm more familliar with, or is this something quite new?



Answer




A recent NEB calculation based on DFT(see http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.3694793), however, showed that almost all of the currently predicted structures of metallic hydrogen are unstable at zero pressure, and there is no energy barrier between atomic phases and diatomic insulating phases of hydrogen. In addition, the conclusion of Brovman et al was based on simple approximations, and might require further scrutiny.


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