Friday, July 17, 2015

general relativity - At black-hole horizon time stops...for whom? The traveller itself or for an observer from the Earth?



1) Time slows-down in strong gravity field. But I cannot understand for whom (in which reference frame)


What about the paradox that time stops for an observer at earth who thus would never see the traveller disappear behind blackhole horizon. But I think that strong gravity happens around the traveller, so it is the traveller whose time shall stop! And for earth observer time is never changed b/x gravity around the observer never changes.


2) And is there time inside black-hole if time stops at the horizon - also in which reference frame we have this problem? If time stops at horizon in one reference frame than we have this problem only in this reference frame.



Answer



This is called gravitational time dilation, and is not caused by mass (contrary to popular belief) but by stress-energy. Even massless photons have gravitational effect, because they have stress-energy. The black hole has a strong gravitational field (stress-energy), but only compared to the stress-energy of Earth. The observer is on Earth, in a much weaker gravitational field (less stress0energy).


Now it is the difference between the stress-energy of the black hole and Earth that causes this time dilation.



Now the traveler sees his own clock as ticking normally. The observer on Earth sees his own clock tick normally too. It is when they try to compare their clocks that they see that the traveler's clock is ticking slower when it closes up to the black hole.


Now the traveler will not see anything unusual happen. He will cross the event horizon, just like normally, he won't even notice the event horizon (other then being spaghettified).


Now the observer will see the traveler's clock tick slower (relative to his own clock), and at the point where the traveler reaches the horizon, the observer will see the traveler's clock stopped, meaning, that the tick on the traveler's clock would be equal to infinite time on the observer's clock.


There, the traveler seems to have frozen on the event horizon (from the observer's view).


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