The Clebsch-Gordan coefficients can only be non-zero if the triangle inequality holds: $$\vert j_1-j_2 \vert \le j \le j_1+j_2$$ In my syllabus they give the following proof: $$-j \le m \le j$$ $$-j_1 \le m_1 \le j_1$$ and $$-j_2 \le m_2 \le j_2$$
When $m$ takes its maximal value, $m = j$, $m_1 = j_1$ and $m_2 = j_2$, and we get:
1) $-j_1 \le j-j_2 \le j_1$ which implies $j_2-j_1 \le j \le j_1+j_2$
2) $-j_2 \le j-j_1 \le j_2$ which implies $j_1-j_2 \le j \le j_1+j_2$
which should prove the triangle inequality.
This proof looks really simple, but I don't completely understand it though. It seems that I'm missing some essential reasoning, and I can't find where. Why for instance do they take for $m_1$, $m_2$ and $m$ all maximal values? Can't I also take $m$ maximal and $m_1$ minimal? This would give bad results though. So I really don't understand it, and I hope that someone can clarify it.
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