In this diagram of a Gaussian beam, why does the radius vary with z position? Is it assumed that a Gaussian beam is always being focus by a lense? Why can the beam not go any smaller than $w_0$ and how is $w_0$ calculated?

I am studying Statics and saw that: The moment of a force about a given axis (or Torque) is defined by the equation: $M_X = (\vec r \times \...
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