I've been trying to compute the moment of inertia of a uniform hollow sphere (thin walled) wrt the centre, but I'm not quite sure what was wrong with my initial attempt (I've come to the correct answer now with a different method). Ok, here was my first method:
Consider a uniform hollow sphere of radius R and mass M. On the hollow sphere, consider a concentric ring of radius r and thickness dx. The mass of the ring is therefore dm=M4πR2⋅2πr⋅dx. Now, use r2=R2−x2: dm=M4πR2⋅2π(R2−x2)1/2dx
which obviously isn't correct as the real moment of inertia wrt the centre is 2MR23.
What was wrong with this method? Was it how I constructed the element? Any help would be appreciated, thanks very much.
Answer
The mass of the ring is wrong. The ring ends up at an angle, so its total width is not dx but dxsinθ
You made what I believe was a typo when you wrote
dm=M4πR2⋅2π(R2−x2)dx
because based on what you wrote further down, you intended to write
dm=M4πR2⋅2π√(R2−x2)dx
This problem is much better done in polar coordinates - instead of x, use θ. But the above is the basic reason why you went wrong.
In essence, sinθ=rR so you could write
dm=M4πR2⋅2πrsinθ dx=M4πR2⋅2πrrR dx=M4πR2⋅2πR dx=M2R dx
Now we can substitute this into the integral:
I=∫R−RM2R⋅(R2−x2) dx=M2R[2R3−23R3]=23MR2
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