Let ˆx=x and ˆp=−iℏ∂∂x be the position and momentum operators, respectively, and |ψp⟩ be the eigenfunction of ˆp and therefore ˆp|ψp⟩=p|ψp⟩,
where p is the eigenvalue of ˆp. Then, we have [ˆx,ˆp]=ˆxˆp−ˆpˆx=iℏ.
From the above equation, denoting by ⟨⋅⟩ an expectation value, we get, on the one hand ⟨iℏ⟩=⟨ψp|iℏ|ψp⟩=iℏ⟨ψp|ψp⟩=iℏ
and, on the other ⟨[ˆx,ˆp]⟩=⟨ψp|(ˆxˆp−ˆpˆx)|ψp⟩=⟨ψp|ˆx|ψp⟩p−p⟨ψp|ˆx|ψp⟩=0
This suggests that iℏ=0. What went wrong?
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