Friday, May 24, 2019

quantum mechanics - Complex energy eigenstates of the harmonic oscillator


Given the Hamiltonian for the the harmonic oscillator (HO) as $$ \hat H=\frac{\hat P^2}{2m}+\frac{m}{2}\omega^2\hat x^2\,, $$ the Schroedinger equation can be reduced to: $$ \left[ \frac{d^2}{dz^2}-\left(\frac{z^2}{4}+a\right)\right]\Psi=0~, $$ where $a=-\frac{E}{\hbar\omega}$, $z=\sqrt{\frac{2m\omega}{\hbar}}$. Now, the two independent solutions to this equation are the Wittaker's functions (Abramowitz section 19.3., or Gradshteyn at the beginning, where he defines the Wittaker's functions) $D_{-a-1/2}(z)$ and $D_{-a-1/2}(-z)$. Apparently, there is no constraint on the values for $a$. In Abramowitz, especially, there is written "both variable $z$ and $a$ can take on general complex values".


Therefore my first question is: Let us fix $a=i$ and let us therefore take the Wittaker's function $D_{-i-1/2}(z)$. This functions is solution of the time independent Schroedinger equation, and, therefore, is an eigenfunction of the ho hamiltonian. Since its value for the parameter $a$ is $i$, it follows that its eigenvalue $E$ must be $E=-i\hbar\omega$. However, this result is contradictory, since the hamiltonian must have only real eigenvalues, since it is hermitian. What do I do wrong?


My second question is: Since the functions $D_n(z)$ form a complete set for $n$ positive integer with zero, I can expand my function $D_{-i-1/2}(z)$ onto the basis set $D_n(z)$. $$ D_{-i-1/2}(z)=\sum_n C_n D_n(z)~. $$ But, evidently, if $D_{-i-1/2}(z)$ is itself an eigenfunction with a different eigenvalue with respect to any of the $D_n(z)$, the expansion above does not make sense. This question is somewhat correlated to the previous one. So, I believe I do something wrong which is in common to both of them.




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