I know that
scaling the action with a non-zero multiplicative constant, or
adding a total divergence term to the Lagrangian density
do not change the Euler-Lagrange equations, cf. e.g. this Phys.SE post.
Apart from such trivial modifications (1&2), is Einstein-Hilbert action the unique action whose variation gives Einstein's field equations? If not, is there any other action known which differs non-trivially from Einstein-Hilbert action and whose variation gives Einstein's equations?
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