This question is related to: Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the Fresnel-Arago laws
Let us say we have unpolarised wave taking the form: ψ=ψ0ei(kx−ωt)+iϕ(t) Where ϕ varies randomly with time. If I split this wave into two and send it through e.g. a double slit, one of the beams will experience a phase change due to an optical path length difference. When we combine these two waves one will take the form: ψ=ψ0ei(kx−ωt)+iϕ(t) But what about the other?
Their are 3 possibilities: ψ=ψ0ei(k(x+x0)−ωt)+iϕ(t) ψ=ψ0ei(kx−ω(t+t0))+iϕ(t+t0) ψ=ψ0ei(k(x+x0)−ω(t+t0))+iϕ(t+t0)
Where x0 and t0 are constants. Which of these 3 is correct and why?
Answer
The two waves are interfering after having followed different paths, so x must be different between the two. But you are observing them at the same time t which must be the same for the two waves. So answer 1 is the good one.
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