Wednesday, December 31, 2014

general relativity - Why does no physical energy-momentum tensor exist for the gravitational field?


Starting with the Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian


$$ L_{EH} = -\frac{1}{2}(R + 2\Lambda)$$



one can formally calculate a gravitational energy-momentum tensor


$$ T_{EH}^{\mu\nu} = -2 \frac{\delta L_{EH}}{\delta g_{\mu\nu}}$$


leading to


$$ T_{EH}^{\mu\nu} = -G_{\mu\nu} + \Lambda g_{\mu\nu} = -(R_{\mu\nu} - \frac{1}{2}g_{\mu\nu}R) + \Lambda g_{\mu\nu}. $$


But then, in the paragraph below Eq. (228) on page 62 of this paper, it is said that this quantity is not a physical quantity and that it is well known that for the gravitational field no (physical) energy-momentum tensor exists.


To me personally, this fact is rather surprising than well known. So can somebody explain to me (mathematically and/or "intuitively") why there is no energy-momentum tensor for the gravitational field?



Answer



The canonical energy-momentum tensor is exactly zero, due to the Einstein equation. The same holds for any diffeomorphism invariant theory.


By saying ''it doesnt exist'' one just means that it doesn't contain any useful information.


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