Friday, December 23, 2016

fluid dynamics - Friction loss in a vertical pipe flow


I made this problem for more understanding of pressure and pressure loss in vertical flow.


Consider the following steady system, where a fluid enters a tank and exits through a vertical pipe of length L and diameter D=2R. Height of fluid in the tank is constant and equals to H. Density and viscosity of liquid are ρ and μ, respectively. If flow is laminar find Q.


enter image description here


Now if I write Bernoulli's equation for the free surface of tank and exiting point of pipe, then I getPatmγ+v202g+z0=Patmγ+v22g+z+hl,

where hL is the friction loss head of exiting pipe and v=Q/(πR2) and γ=ρg. We know that v00, thusH+L=v22g+hL
Now we need to find another relation between v and hL. Can we use Darcy–Weisbach equation? I think we can not due to vertical flow! I'm interested in writing momentum balance and derive the relation between friction loss and velocity (like Hagen–Poiseuille equation), but I don't know how to treat pressure terms! Is there a pressure distribution along the exiting pipe?


Edit1: Momentum balance for the laminar flow in the pipe gives the velocity asvz(r)=R24μ(dpdz+ρg)(1r2R2)

And integrating over cross section of pipe for the flow rate givesQ=πr2v=R02πrvz(r) dr=πR48μ(dpdz+ρg)
And finallydpdz+ρg=32μvD2
Now which one of the following is right and why?



1) hL=L(dp/dz)/γ=32μvLγD2L


2) hL=L(dp/dz+ρg)/γ=32μvLγD2


I don't have a sense of p here! Can you give a physical sense of pressure within the exiting pipe?


Edit2: The answers and discussions in this question may solve the following similar questions:


Q1, Q2, Q3.



Answer



You can use the Darcy-Weisbach equation, but you have to modify it a little for vertical flow. In vertical flow, a differential force balance on the flow gives:


(P(z+Δz)P(z))πD24+ρgπD24Δz=τwΔzπD

where z is the elevation above the bottom of the tube and τw is the shear stress at the wall. So, d(P+ρgz)dz=4Dτw
For laminar flow,τw=f4ρv22
where f is the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor. So, combining the two equations, you get: d(P+ρgz)dz=fDρv22
For a horizontal tube, you would have just: dPdz=fDρv22
So, for vertical flow, you simply replace the P in the horizontal flow equation by P+ρgz.


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