In Bose-Einstein condensation, the chemical potential is less than the ground state energy of the system($\mu<\epsilon_g$). But why does the massless boson such as photon have zero chemichal potential($\mu=0$)?
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classical mechanics - Moment of a force about a given axis (Torque) - Scalar or vectorial?
I am studying Statics and saw that: The moment of a force about a given axis (or Torque) is defined by the equation: $M_X = (\vec r \times \...
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In the crystal, infinitesimal translational symmetry breaking makes the phonon, In ferromagnet, time-reversal symmetry breaking makes magnon...
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A "Schrödinger's cat state" is a macroscopic superposition state. Quantum states can interfere in simple experiments (such as ...
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The degeneracy for an $p$-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator is given by [ 1 ] as $$g(n,p) = \frac{(n+p-1)!}{n!(p-1)!}$$ The $g$ is the...
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