Let me show a figure first about the shape of flame for a candle without any external electric field in the dark night:
Now consider the following physical configuration: If you put this lighted candle into the parallel plate capacitor, in which the electric field produced by it can be turned up or turn down arbitrarily.
So my question is: what's the shape of the flame of the candle when we keep the electric field stationary and how is it changed as we increased the field or decrease the field yielded by the parallel plate electrical capacitor?
Answer
According to http://archive.iypt.org/iypt_book/2011_3_Bouncing_flame_Iran_RMN_HA_RA_v3.pdf , in a typical scenario, electrons and positive ions in the flame plasma move to opposite plates of the capacitor, electrons leave the flame area and form negative ions with oxygen atoms, the flame gets positively charged and attracted to the negatively charged plate, as you can see in numerous videos. In some videos, though, the flame is "divided" in two parts attracted to opposite plates, so in such cases the negative ions probably remain within the flame.
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