Friday, December 14, 2018

homework and exercises - Can spheres leaking charge be assumed to be in equilibrium?


I am struggling with the following problem (Irodov 3.3):



Two small equally charged spheres, each of mass m, are suspended from the same point by silk threads of length l. The distance between the spheres xl. Find the rate dqdt with which the charge leaks off each sphere if their approach velocity varies as v=ax, where a is a constant.



This is embarrassingly simple; we make an approximation for xl and get 14πϵ0q2x2mgx2l=m¨x.

We can get ¨x from our relation for v, so we can solve for q and then find dqdt.


However, in general, dqdt will depend on x and hence on t. The answer in the back of the book and other solutions around the web have dqdt a constant.


You can get this by assuming that at each moment the spheres are in equilibrium, so that you have ¨x=0 in the equation of motion above.


Does the problem tacitly imply we should assume equilibrium and hence dqdt is constant, or am I missing something entirely? I.e. why is the assumption of equilibrium justified? I understand reasoning like "the process happens very gradually, so the acceleration is small compared to other quantities in the problem," but I don't understand how that is justified by the problem itself, where we are simply given that the spheres are small (so we can represent them as points) and xl (which we have used to approximate the gravity term in the equation of motion).




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