What does it precisely mean the often repeated statement that the electric charges of all leptons are the same.
Let's consider QED with two leptons: electron and muon. The interaction part of the bare lagrangian contains two electron-electron-photon and muon-muon-photon vertices with some coupling constants ebaree and ebareμ respectively. After division of lagrangian into two parts: finite part and counterterms there are mentioned vertices in each part and the coupling constants in front of them are ee, eμ (finite/physical coupling constants), δee, δeμ (become infinite when regularising parameter ϵ→0; ϵ - deviation from dimension 4 in dimensional regularisation).
I suppose that the equality of charges of electron and muon means that 3-point vertex function Γ(3) at some fixed point (p1,p2,p3) has the same value for electron-electron-photon and muon-muon-photon vertex (is there any distinguished point?). That should mean that (at least in some renormalization scheme) ee=eμ. However, in general, for finite positive ϵ, δee≠δeμ because the masses of leptons are different and we need different counterterms.
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