Friday, July 7, 2017

quantum mechanics - Bogoliubov transformation is not unitary transformation, correct?


To diagonalize quadratic term in the antiferromagnet Heisenberg model, we may introduce the Bogoliubov transformation:ak=ukαk+vkβk, bk=vkαk+ukβk. This transformation can diagonalize the quadratic term in the Hamiltonian:


H=k(akak+bkbk+γkakbk+γkakbk)=k(akbk)(1γkγk1)(akbk)=k(αkβk)(ukvkvkuk)(1γkγk1k)(ukvkvkuk)(αkβk)=k(αkβk)(ϵk00ϵk)(αkβk)


with ϵk=1γ2k,uk=1+ϵk2ϵk,vk=γk2ϵk(1+ϵk). But the transformation U: (ukvkvkuk) is not unitary, because uk,vk are real, UU1.



Is the number of bosons not conserved, so the transformation may not be unitary? Are there any restriction on the transformation of boson?




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