Monday, August 20, 2018

quantum mechanics - Reason for the Gaussian wave packet spreading


I have recently read how the Gaussian wave packet spreads while propagating. see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_packet#Gaussian_wavepackets_in_quantum_mechanics


Though I understand the mathematics I don't understand the physical explanation behind it. Can you please explain?



Answer



The explanation is really very simple to understand intuitively, and very beautiful.



Imagine that a particle an uncertainity in its velocity v of δv. Suppose at t=0 we have x=x0. After t=T, the location of the particle will be given by the range (x0+TvTδv,x0+Tv+Tδv), because we dont know the exact velocity the particle started with. It evident that a probability of finding a particle has changed from being localised in the beginning to being diffused after some time: this is wave packet spreading.


Note that the range (wave packet size) increases with time monotonically, this means that even if we started with a diffused particle density for general case, it will just become much more diffused by extension of the arguement.


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