Let's make the question easier by considering two-level atoms(with spin states, i.e. spin up |↑⟩ and spin down |↓⟩). An article I recently read claims that atoms do not have dipole moments when they are in energy eigenstates (i.e. when you put it into a magnetic field in z direction).
I was thinking if it's an eigenstate, since the spin cannot be pointing in z direction (remember it's actually pointing in a cone area), how could it not have a dipole moment?
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