Friday, June 21, 2019

logical deduction - Colouring the reals


If every real number is coloured either black or white, prove that there exist distinct real numbers a,b,c all of the same colour such that ab=bc.



Answer



WLOG, 2 and 4 are both black. (This is WLOG because we can scale and translate the real line freely, and can also swap the colors.)


If 0 is black, then



(a,b,c)=(4,2,0) are all black.
This satisfies 42=20.



If 3 is black, then




(a,b,c)=(4,3,2) are all black.
This satisfies 43=32.



If 6 is black, then



(a,b,c)=(6,4,2) are all black.
This satisfies 64=42.



If none of 0,3,6 is black, then




(a,b,c)=(6,3,0) are all white.
This satisfies 63=30.



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