If every real number is coloured either black or white, prove that there exist distinct real numbers a,b,c all of the same colour such that a−b=b−c.
Answer
WLOG, 2 and 4 are both black. (This is WLOG because we can scale and translate the real line freely, and can also swap the colors.)
If 0 is black, then
(a,b,c)=(4,2,0) are all black.
This satisfies 4−2=2−0.
If 3 is black, then
(a,b,c)=(4,3,2) are all black.
This satisfies 4−3=3−2.
If 6 is black, then
(a,b,c)=(6,4,2) are all black.
This satisfies 6−4=4−2.
If none of 0,3,6 is black, then
(a,b,c)=(6,3,0) are all white.
This satisfies 6−3=3−0.
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