Wednesday, February 4, 2015

quantum mechanics - What is the symmetry group of this Hamiltonian?


Consider a Hamiltonian


ˆH=2x2y+(xy)Q,


where x,y[0,a] (homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions assumed), and Q is some real parameter.


When Q=0, the Hamiltonian describes a 2D particle in a box, and the symmetry group is dihedral group of order 8, which has two complex conjugate irreducible representations, giving rise to a two-fold degeneracy of spectrum.


But choosing Q0 should lift this degeneracy, because, as it seems, the symmetry reduces to cyclic group of order 2. But when I solve Schrödinger's equation with this setting, the degeneracy doesn't appear to be lifted, no matter how large Q I take! So, I must be missing some other symmetry operations than just reflection with respect to x=ay line.



So, what are these extra symmetry operations? Or is the extra symmetry here something hidden like dynamical symmetry of Coulomb potential?


What's interesting, the degeneracy is lifted when I take (xy)α instead of (xy), where α1. Also what's common between the cases of Q=0 and Q0 is that Schrödinger's equation is separable, unlike the case of α1.


Actually, ˆH is a sum of two Hamiltonians acting on independent degrees of freedom and having identical spectra. This somewhat gives intuitive expectation that the spectrum must be degenerate: there do exist states like |a|b as well as |b|a (with appropriate modifications), which must have equal energies, but still: what symmetry group results to explain the degeneracy from symmetry POV?




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