In order to describe a notion of rate of change of positon, in four-dimensional spacetime, we have to introduce the concept of four-velocity.
So, consider the following:
For a massive particle with position xμ(t)=(x0,x1,x2,x3)≡(x0,→x) we define the coodinate velocity as:vμ:=dxμdt≡(c,→v)
Where the spatial components of (1) coincide with classical velocity vector and t is the coordinate time.But, (1) is not a vector object indeed, because the components didn't transforms as vectors under a lorentz transformation:
dx′μdt′=Λμ′νdxνdtdtdt′=Λμ′νΛ0′νxνdxνdt≠Λμ′νdxνdt
Well, I simply do not understand one elementary derivation:
--> It's not difficult to know the motivation for this definition:
vμ:=dxμdt≡(c,→v)
I mean, we need a four-vector and this is certainly a intuitive candidate, but then we realized that this object are not invariant under lorentz transformation, ok. But I'm struggling to derive the expression:
dxμdt′=dxμdtdtdt′
Which is important to make the analysis of coordinate transformation as in (2). I know that this is simply the chain rule structure, but I simply do not see how to derive it! The classical chain rule is then:
df[x(t),y(t),z(t)]dt=∂f∂xdxdt+∂f∂ydydt+∂f∂ydydt
How can I derive (3) from chain rule,explicitly?
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