Friday, May 11, 2018

covariance - What is a covariant derivative in gauge theory?


I've been studying electroweak theory and you need to keep the Lagrangian covariant by introducing covariant derivatives. What is a covariant derivative? And what does it mean to keep the Lagrangian covariant?


Also, in electroweak symmetry breaking, the gauge bosons attain their masses via the action of a 'covariant derivative' on the Higgs field. What does this mean in physical terms?





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classical mechanics - Moment of a force about a given axis (Torque) - Scalar or vectorial?

I am studying Statics and saw that: The moment of a force about a given axis (or Torque) is defined by the equation: $M_X = (\vec r \times \...