I am having problems to determine the direction of the induced EMF in AC circuits. For example, we have an inductor of inductance L. The induced EMF is given by:
ϵ=−Ldidt
where the minus sign is "explained" by the Lenz law. But how do I apply this to an AC current. The direction of current is changing (usually by sine or cosine laws). See the following link:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RLC_circuit#Series_RLC_circuit
for a series LCR circuit. Here the equation is given by
Ldidt+Ri+1cq=ϵ0sin(ωt)
How do I know the sign of the first term on the left hand side... ? Why isn't it for example:
−Ldidt+Ri+1cq=ϵ0sin(ωt)
When is it + and when -... Furthermore, how do I know the sign of any of the terms? The current is changing periodically. Why can't it be:
Ldidt+Ri+1cq=−ϵ0sin(ωt)
My initial guess is that this depends on the point in time that we choose, but that ultimately gives us different solutions...
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