In the calculus of variations, particularly Lagrangian mechanics, people often say we vary the position and the velocity independently. But velocity is the derivative of position, so how can you treat them as independent variables?
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In the crystal, infinitesimal translational symmetry breaking makes the phonon, In ferromagnet, time-reversal symmetry breaking makes magnon...
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A "Schrödinger's cat state" is a macroscopic superposition state. Quantum states can interfere in simple experiments (such as ...
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The degeneracy for an $p$-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator is given by [ 1 ] as $$g(n,p) = \frac{(n+p-1)!}{n!(p-1)!}$$ The $g$ is the...
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