There is a prisoner who will be executed, but there is a rule in the kingdom that says, "the prisoner will be given a bag containing a white paper and a black paper. If the prisoner is lucky enough to draw the white paper, he will be released; otherwise he will be executed."
The person preparing the bag hated the prisoner, so he actually put 2 pieces of black paper into the bag instead of 1 black and 1 white. And the prison guard saw this and told the prisoner about it.
Can the prisoner overcome this situation and how? (and be actually released)
Pulling both pieces out of the bag will merit execution.
Answer
The prisoner could
The prisoner picks one at random but crumple it up so nobody sees. He claims that this was the on he picks, and does something to destroy the paper forever, like eat it. The guards look in the bag to see the black slip of paper, and concludes that the paper he picked must have been the white slip of paper.
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