Apparently the (d-dimensional) maximally entangled state, |E⟩=∑i|ii⟩/√d is invariant under operations of the form U⊗U†. I want to prove this result, which amounts to showing that
(∑iU|i⟩⊗V|i⟩=∑i|ii⟩)⇒(V=U†)
I have no idea how to even start. I suppose it's some simple linear algebra result, but I don't see it. A hint would be appreciated.
Answer
Write the terms U|i⟩ and V|i⟩ explicitly in the matrix form, e.g., U|i⟩=∑k|k⟩Uki and analogously. Then play with exchanging the three summations of indices, you should get it proved.
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