Would the excess charge on a conductor move to surface until the electric field inside become zero if the Coulomb law was for example 1r3? If yes, would the distribution σ(x,y) be different from when it is 1r2?
Answer
Suggestion to the question (v3): Generalize the question to a 1/rs potential law in n spatial dimensions! Then according to Henry Cohn's mathoverflow answer here, the charges rush to the boundary iff s≤n−2. So in OP's example (s=2,n=3), the charges don't rush to the boundary, in contrast to the real world (s=1,n=3).
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